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今日下午3：30贾陆英老师《论语》问答录在老秘网QQ群“重温经典读书会”准时开讲。本期学习讨论《论语》为政篇第1章，网友们的参与热情高涨。老猫出差刚回，现整理如下： R3 h& c& c3 c9 L+ g
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9 q) N" D( X+ p# T) {0 ATahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">今天下午，我们学习讨论《论语》为政篇第( M6 Z2 _- S( ]* O7 n
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mso-font-kerning:0pt">子曰：0 l% c: r) `3 A' q& s
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mso-font-kerning:0pt">为政以德，譬如北辰，居其所而众星共之。9 l' m3 s* b; F8 _
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Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">北辰：指北极星。所：处所、位置。共：同拱，环绕。比喻众多的人簇拥着一个被他们尊敬的人，或许多东西围绕着一个中心。6 l8 q7 k- r) Z: U9 x, i2 _mso-font-kerning:0pt">
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mso-font-kerning:0pt">靠高尚的品德来施政，这样的为政者好比是北极星，居于自己的位置上，众多的星星都环绕着它。" j5 R) w! g- S8 @3 r0 B
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mso-font-kerning:0pt">问：这句话表达了孔子的什么主张？! u' \$ ?' f7 K: M2 Kcolor:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">
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Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">答：孔子以北辰居其中而众星环绕作比喻，深刻揭示了具有高尚品德对于为政者的重要性，具体、形象、生动地表达了孔子的德治思想。当时，在如何治理国家的问题上，主要有两种主张：其一是依靠政令刑法，强制百姓服从；其二是通过道德教化，引导百姓走上正道。孔子主张后者，强调为政者首先要以自己高尚的品德为榜样，尔后才能教化、影响、引导民众。: B! J4 q$ e; d& p# _mso-font-kerning:0pt"> " T1 c1 q& c9 x
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: B& y3 a' v+ G C0 q* n- rTahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">以政令刑法，民治而心不服，以礼仪道德，民治而心服* ?6 V1 i/ x' w6 g5 n. m b& K; N
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Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">仁政具体指的是什么？道德层面的东西我觉得都太虚了，没有一个标准。同志们认为呢& y0 }! A; P& ]! d% |" t9 n7 }
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( i" {9 J5 }& I" Xmso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">以政令刑法，民治而心不服，以礼仪道德，民治而心服3 B/ H" J. A( M5 U$ O, M, f
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3 p1 Q. s' n5 x! jTahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">儒家法家绝对是治国两大法宝，是不是有说内法外王。希望依靠道德来治理国家。道德高尚至极只能是圣人，而不是君王。君王要有仁爱之心，但不能妄想通过道德来治理国家吧。干部要清明、清廉、清白. i& y6 o9 `: Imso-font-kerning:0pt"> ( D+ p2 U1 b4 r: ]. a! I
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Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">贾老师，学生认为：政令刑罚、道德教化二者不可偏其一，无道德教化，民暴而戾，无政令刑罚，民散而慢。总而言之，应用儒家思想来做人，用发家思想来做事，这也符合我们的辩证法思想。儒法相结合不是从以往执政者所言的外儒内法。应该是在去除封建统治者为维护统治所宣扬的糟粕基础上，留下儒家所宣扬的大仁、大爱的思想，在结合现代化的法制、民主的精神，才是真正的儒法结合。一味从古，不如不学! S4 e2 I* Y O: J& ]
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Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">现在不是都在强调以民为本，为人民服务么+ [# O/ A6 d& \! [* D) I# y6 Kmso-font-kerning:0pt">——' c3 C/ q* Y9 s% r. J; jfont-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:Tahoma;mso-hansi-font-family:Tahoma;8 K3 h& h+ Z7 `$ d: x9 Q* ~4 l
mso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">这一思想的文化渊源，就是德治、仁政思想。德是孔子所说的君子之道吗？, n# g% D% Z% b( ?$ o
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mso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">道之以政，齐之以刑，民免而无耻；道之以德，齐之以礼，有耻且格。- l$ ^1 p' P) O$ u' `+ k P( C3 J
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Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">以礼仪道德，民治而心服# B; ?: b, i0 U: s0pt"> 7 b' ~, I, H" F# \7 q% Jfont-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:Tahoma;mso-hansi-font-family:Tahoma;( e* [ j; G$ F* |, D" Q
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mso-font-kerning:0pt">人性本恶。人性本善，礼仪道德，天下大和。人性本恶，礼仪道德，与虎谋皮啊% Z3 H' A6 S; M# mmso-font-kerning:0pt">
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Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">政令刑法重在社会上的约束，讲究实效，不遵守即被处罚，道德教化重在精神上、舆论上的约束，不遵守会被谴责和孤立，但不是收到立竿见影的实质处罚$ w$ K& d ~( i* Y6 [+ Vmso-font-kerning:0pt"> 6 m, A0 {# W( @& ?
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: C+ ?3 D X1 k0 Z1 OTahoma;color:#006EFE;mso-font-kerning:0pt">小风飕飕地：9 q& `/ w$ R3 Q" ^* P( Y0pt"> . W2 q/ b$ Z% d6 C/ w: r
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% I& H4 T. p {5 vTahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">我认为国治才能民安，所以教化没人人外儒是必要的，每个人也都有义务做到外儒！民安后如何能够实现久安呢？这就需要内法的作用啦！9 Y% }* O+ ~3 D6 Q" zmso-font-kerning:0pt"> 8 M! W( ]1 w9 D% w" x/ \& j- G7 Z; X
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" `3 M0 \4 s3 b$ w7 lTahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">我觉得现在很多人被大众观念里的道德观绑架了，就出现了所谓的装和假 _) A6 T& Y2 n# M' W! Nmso-font-kerning:0pt"> $ V2 l+ b" w- f I9 S9 a7 |8 G
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Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">儒学是以伦理道德思想为特质的观念体系，这是它区别于世界上其他文明的显著特征之一。儒学是以礼乐文明为中心的文化系统，这是它区别于世界上其他文明的又一显著特征。现在确有一些人认为，道德修养方面的问题是# x$ K- ?# h9 W! W1 `: N hmso-font-kerning:0pt">“# d' k( _; P" p5 ?
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mso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">细节问题, Q9 Y( z4 s# M3 R0 imso-font-kerning:0pt">”& _) J( X& k1 [" n
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mso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">，没有必要小题大做。这种认识是十分错误和有害的。, B7 y5 m3 h0 q- H" b' m
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% V8 M" @/ |8 w9 i' |mso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">千里之堤，溃于蚁穴* o$ M- E% m6 d: F# jmso-font-kerning:0pt">”* _6 y* O2 }8 v
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4 T( M2 T9 j% l- j: qmso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">，少数人走上违法犯罪道路，往往是从道德品质上出问题开始的。没有职业操守，就不可能做到爱岗敬业。我们培养敬业精神，一定要紧紧抓住加强道德修养这个重点。
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